The Effect Of Television On Language Development Young People Essay

The Effect Of Television On Language Development Young People Essay The effects of watching television and other media for young children are detrimental to language development. Television was invented in 1950 and since then, it has quickly evolved to occupy almost every single household in the US. Due to the explosion of many television channels and programs, there is always something to watch on TV. Children; therefore, spend an average of 3-6 hours a day watching TV instead of doing other social activities. In 1997, a mother developed video products when she felt that there was no appropriate channel for her infant daughter. Since then, there has been a great decline in children ages first time viewing the screens. In 1971, children began to watch television around 4 years old. Today it is 5 months. In a short period of time, TV products for infants became a huge industry. Current average sale for baby DVD is about 500 million dollars. The titles of these products such as Baby Einstein and Brainy Boy highly suggest that these DVD will benefit the babies during their development processes. In a survey of 1000 families, 29% of parents have their children watch TV with assumption that TV is good for their childrens brains. Despite the fact that the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend TV watching for children under 2 year old, 90% of parents still ignore this advice. However, based on many well-supported studies, I believe that the effects of watching television and other media for young children are detrimental to language development. Many educational TV programs and DVDs are heavily advertised that they will help to promote cognitive, language and brain development in children. Even some programs have been proven to be educational benefit for children from 3 to 5, they can still cause delay in language acquisition for children under 2. During the first 2 years of life, childrens brain develops rapidly and there are external factors that can influence how the brain develops. Features of TV displaying such as flashing lights, very quick scene changes and loud noises could be over stimulating childrens brains. Children understand fewer words when they watch TV. Researchers said that for every hour spent on watching baby DVDs, infants from 8 to 16 months understand 6 to 8 fewer words than those who dont watch. Reading or telling stories to infants at least once a day was found to increase their vocabularies by only two or three words, indicating that the negative impact of the DVDs may outweigh the benefits of parental involvement. Moreover, general television offers a lot of commercial cartons, dramas, news and sports which have poor educational quality for young children. Study shows that children viewing such programs have tendency to have lower vocabulary and poorer expressive language. Poor language development is correlated to either the amount of time spent on TV or the quality of programs content. According to Jean Berko Gleason, most young children experience language while interacting with an adult such as their mother and other caregivers. When the TV is on, both parent and child interact less to each other, especially when parents use TV as a temporally babysitter. Study shows that out of 941 words that adults usually speak every hour, parents speak 770 fewer words to children while watching TV. When interactions occurred, they were much more likely to be of a passive nature on the part of the parent. For example, the parents verbally respond to the childs questions without actually looking at the child. Even when the child is not watching TV, televisions background noise can still be very distracting the childs activities such as playing with toys or spending quality time with family members. These interactions between parents and the child are a key element for language development in children. According to Baker and Holding, background noise is detrimental to complex cognitive tasks. During the interaction between parents and the child, background noise could reduce the parents attentions toward the child and; therefore, reduce the quality of that interaction. Background noise from television could also reduce the responsiveness of parents to the child. When the parents are watching a television program, it may be very hard for them to shift their attentions away from the TV to respond to their children. Research finds that children who have language delay tended to watch television too early. It is about 10 months before they could speak their first meaningful word. Children who are less than 12 months and watch more than 2 hours a day of television are 6 times more likely to develop language delay. Children may miss opportunity to do more beneficial activities when they spend a lot of time on TV. Those activities could be reading, playing music, word plays, or other social interactions with other children. Most of caregivers dont know the negative effects of television on children. About 60% of children with language delay watch TV on their own without any interaction with the caregivers. Compared to children who interact with their caregivers during TV time, the ones without interactive have 8.47 times more likely to develop language delay. This result could also suggest that development of language in young children is built on early interactions with caregivers and is strengthened later by a rich, conversational environment. TV has negative effects on childrens attention ability which is one of powerful influences in the perceptual processes. A slow process of perception can cause language and the ability to engage in conversations seriously impaired. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common diseases of childhood, affecting somewhere between 5% and 20% of children. The concern that television might play a role in the development of ADHD is founded. In 2004, we conducted a large observational study of over 1300 children and found a modest association between TV viewing before age 3 and attentional problems at age 7. In that study, parents were prospectively asked how much television their child watched when they were between 1and 2 years of age and again how much they watched whenthey were between 3 and 4 years of age. At age 7, theycompleted the Behavioural Problems Index which includesquestions related to attention and impulsivity (73). The moreTV children watched as infa nts, the more likely they wereto have attentional problems at age 7 after adjusting for anexhaustive list of co-variates. Specifically, each hour of TVwatched on average was associated with an increased risk ofbeing in the 90(th) percentile for attentional problems (OR1.09 [1.03-1.15]). A follow-up study claimed to refute thesefindings (74) but TV viewing was measured at age 5 andattention wasmeasured at age 6, placing the exposure periodoutside the first 3 critical years of life. Indeed emerging datanow suggest that the timing of exposure is a critical mediatorof effects which is consistent with the developmental theoryof early brain development .

Brief Analysis of Music Essay

In Joel and Ethan Coen’s unique take on referencing Homer’s Odyssey in the form of a 1930’s Great Depression comedy-adventure film, â€Å"O Brother, Where Art Thou? †, the most noticeably intelligent attribute was the genius song and music choice that, in more ways than one, dictated scene build-up, characteristic, and transition, thus keeping the theme of the â€Å"old-time,† old-country† atmosphere well intact throughout. The variety of American roots music songs used in the scenes gives cinematic emphasis to the characters’ circumstances and plot situations. Moreover, the assortment highlights the realness of time and setting presentation in telling the story of trio convicts and just where, when, and how their adventure unfolds. Brief Analysis of Music Selection in Joel and Ethan Coen’s â€Å"O Brother, Where Art Thou? † As the film opens with a lengthy line of hard-toiling inmates along the rail-road iron linings, collectively and heavily chanting verses from a rather hauntingly soothing blues tune entitled â€Å"Po Lazarus† (Track 1), the audience is at once audio-visually oriented and introduced into the state of the times, surroundings, over-all atmospherics, and mood of the film. The relative simplicity of life through the rather depressed and trying times is kept through notable scenes. An example of which is when the odd trio of Ulysses Everett McGill, Delmar O’Donnell, and Pete, together with Cousin Wash, all enjoyed an after-meal, quality-entertainment radio offering via Norman Blake’s country classic â€Å"You are My Sunshine† (Track 3). Moreover, the music presented in each of the scenes not only offers musical genre variety of roots country and folk, blues, bluegrass, gospel, and much in between through certain scene transitions, but more importantly highlights the tone of each separate scene in between dialogue, one distinct from the other, effectively and memorably. An example of this was the on-going quarrel of Everett and Pete which was overshadowed by the mass baptismal gathering and singing of a traditional gospel hymn â€Å"Down to the River to Pray† (Track 4), wherein all except Everett opted to clean his spiritual slate. Another was the scene seduction by the sirens, which is musically accompanied with â€Å"Didn’t Leave Nobody but the Baby† (Track 10) by Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, and Gillian Welch, and also with Tommy’s would-be hanging in the sound of â€Å"O Death. † All of these scenes are observably different from one another, but the rather musically enchanting versed sung melodies even give the scenes both an emotionally accessible and later-on cinematically nostalgic feature which stays with the viewers even after the film is over. The song selection provides the proper build-up, eventual transition through, and even main story twists which fuel the story’s eventualities. An example of this was when the trio headed to a local radio station in hopes of garnering a means of self-financial aid, they sang â€Å"Man of Constant Sorrow† (Track 7), disguised on the airwaves as the â€Å"Soggy Bottom Boys† accompanied by musically skillful, guitar-equipped Tommy Johnson—who played a particularly important scene role for the film’s story. The song performed was not only quite entertaining, but its definitions also constituted what a traditional American folk song truly is, which gave the scene much credibility and realness in every extent. The music also provides the film with a sense of scene consistency without compromising the story and, as the quality of song recordings are kept to its truest form even more enriching the old-time aspect of the film. As Evan Cater (2009) points out, â€Å"These recordings, which were made without the meddling clarity of digital technology, give the film much of its power and authenticity† (n. p. ). The excellent selection and execution of music and scene inter-play gives the film a characteristic of its own and none like other. References Burnett, D. (2000). Man of Constant Sorrow [D. Tyminski, H. Allen & P. Enright]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Cater, E. (2008). O Brother, Where Art Thou?. AllMusic. com. Retrieved January 21, 2009 from http://www. allmusic. com/cg/amg. dll? p=amg&sql=10:hifixqu0ldse. Coen, J. (2000). O Brother, Where Art Thou?. California: Touchstone and Universal Pictures. Davs, J. & Mitchell, C. (2000). You are My Sunshine [N. Blake]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records Harris, E. , Krauss, A. , and Welch, G. (2000). Didn’t Leave Nobody but the Baby [E. Harris, A. Krauss, G. Welch ]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Lomax, A. (2000). Po Lazarus [J. Carter]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Traditional (2000). Down to the River to Pray [A. Krauss]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records. Traditional. (2000). O Death [R. Stanley]. O Brother, Where Art Thou Soundtrack [CD]. Nashville: Mercury Records.

Differences Between Islam And Christianity - 941 Words

Two religions may share some common terminology and theology. Islam and Christianity are both different in their own way. Islam represents an oriented religion with Christianity faith is based on the shed of blood of Christ. Religious traditions also embrace the idea of human dignity in the biblical idea of the creation of all human beings in the image of God. Mohammed founded Islam in 610 A.D, were people worshipping multiple God’s. During, a time of polytheism Mohammed had a vision; being perceived to be an angel who said â€Å"There is only one God and his name is Allah, worship him.† Islamic culture spread out across the globe mostly in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. For example, 60% of Muslims are Asian, 22% Sub-Sahara, 12% Eastern Europe, and 5% are scattered throughout the world. Muslims believe in the Quran, dictated to Mohammed by God through the Angel Gabriel. On Friday’s Muslims gather in the mosques to pray, all Muslims face toward Mecca. Mecca is the location where Mohammed had his vision perceiving to be an Angel. Muslim’s believe in God, Angels, Prophets of Adam, Abraham, Moses and David. Also, the acceptance there will be a last day, the divine measurement of human affairs, and belief of the after life; Allah represents the word of God. (Christian answers, 2016) Christian religion was born in Palestine, in a small land on the Eastern Mediterranean sea. A promised land considered by the Jews due to, its location it was ruled by a succession of foreign powers.Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Islam Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, the author analyzes the similarities and differences between Christianity and Islam and how to apply this learning to optimize the health outcomes of patients whose belief systems differ from that of the health care provider. The worldviews of both religions are researched, generating a comparison of their different belief systems. 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Reasonable Doubts The Criminal Justice System and the...

Book Summary The New York Times bestseller book titled Reasonable Doubts: The Criminal Justice System and the O.J. Simpson Case examines the O.J. Simpson criminal trial of the mid-1990s. The author, Alan M. Dershowitz, relates the Simpson case to the broad functions and perspectives of the American criminal justice system as a whole. A Harvard law school teacher at the time and one of the most renowned legal minds in the country, Dershowitz served as one of O.J. Simpson’s twelve defense lawyers during the trial. Dershowitz utilizes the Simpson case to illustrate how today’s criminal justice system operates and relates it to the misperceptions of the public. Many outside spectators of the case firmly believed that Simpson committed the†¦show more content†¦Dershowitz explains that two very different Simpson trials were carried out: the trial before the jury and the trial before the public (Dershowitz 140). Dershowitz also supplies the strong assertion that telev ision coverage of a trial brings â€Å"greater accuracy, less bias, and more direct observation of the trial† (Dershowitz 147). Many people believe that the aspect of money can determine how a case is carried out (Dershowitz 149). In any given case, the prosecution has more resources than the defense. The defense team in the Simpson case included twelve lawyers while the prosecution used nearly fifty (Dershowitz 150). In addition, the prosecution had unrestricted access to a vast amount of federal officers. They also had the judge on their side and the majority of the public supporting them. Due to his careers in professional football and acting, Simpson was a rare defendant that had enough money to legitimately compete with the prosecution (Dershowitz 151). Dershowitz claims the American legal system is never on a relatively level playing field between the prosecution and the defense, often leading to police and prosecutors to slack due to their used to winning (Dershowitz 152). Within the book, Dershowitz poses the question of whether prosecutors and defense attorneys are advocates for justice, or only for their clients. The reason for lawyers choosing a client canShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper On Oj Simpson968 Words   |  4 PagesThe O.J. Simpson Case The O.J. Simpson murder case is a fascinating murder case due to the popularity of the defendant and the circumstances surrounding it. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss the victims and the evidence stacked up against O.J. Simpson. I will also discuss the pivotal points in the trial and the verdict. 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